The European Council on Foreign Relations

Theme park Europe

(English Translation)

"We believe Europe by 2025 will have made slow progress toward achieving the vision of current leaders and elites: a cohesive, integrated, and influential global actor able to employ independently a full spectrum of political, economic, and military tools in support of European and Western interests and universal ideals." This is the vision of Europe's future laid out in the US National Intelligence Council report, recently made public. The CIA might have been incapable of spotting the collapse of the Soviet Union, been off the ball back at the time of the invasion of Kuwait, and asleep at the wheel when war recently flared between Russia and Georgia. But one thing's for sure, European decline ain't going to catch them unawares. One of two possibilities exists: either the CIA has had an attack of clairvoyance or Europe makes a very bad job of hiding its shortcomings. I leave that one for you to judge yourselves.

But it's not only the CIA which thinks along these lines, so does the rest of the world too. Recently, the Bertelsmann Foundation carried out a survey of 8,999 citizens from nine countries: Germany, Brazil, China, the United States, France, India, Japan, the United Kingdom and Russia. One of the questions put to those polled was which countries they thought were going to be world powers in the year 2020. The results were embarrassing: only 9% of Indians, 10% of Brazilians, 13% of Russians, 20% of Japanese, 25% of Americans and 29% of Chinese believed Europe was going to be a global actor in 2020. Rare consensus on Europe then, and also on China in the opposite sense, given that everybody logically assumed China will be a great power by 2020.

It is no secret that China has also picked up on the weakness stemming from Europe's divisions, and like Russia for some time now, has begun to enjoy watching Europeans fight it out amongst themselves to see who can give more in exchange for less. Just last week, China decided to cancel the EU-Chinese Summit, a date of strategic importance for Europe at a time of severe economic crisis. Peking alleged that Sarkozy's meeting with the Dalai Lama amounts to a major slight on its sovereignty. The Chinese decision, however, is not just surprising, it is also absurd.

First of all, Sarkozy was invited to a meeting in Warsaw with Nobel Peace Prize winners, which obviously includes the Dalai Lama, the world leader with the highest approval ratings by the way. Secondly, no European country supports anything beyond talks between the Dalai Lama and the Chinese authorities which might lead to the concession of regional autonomy for Tibet, all of this in the context of an express renunciation of violence (in actual fact, not even the Dalai Lama is demanding Tibetan independence any longer). Worse still, the Chinese decision took place just a few days after the British government publicly announced a change in its traditional policy on Tibet, recognising it as forming part of Chinese territory, a volte face which comes in exchange for absolutely nothing, completely gratis. Once again, Peking's actions highlight just to what extent it loves flexing its muscles when it can, not when it wants, because Bush also received the Dalai Lama and yet no reprisals were adopted by China against Washington.

According to estimates by the consultancy Goldman Sachs, the Chinese economy will have caught up with Germany by 2010 and with Japan by 2015 (and indeed it has already caught up with Italy, France and Britain). Things look different if we consider Europe as a whole, because then China would not reach parity with the EU in economic terms, or the US for that matter, until 2035. You don't have to be very shrewd to work out that the US still has 25 years ahead in which to exert influence on China, whilst so long as it fails to act in unison, Europe lacks any kind of leeway altogether.

The analytical timeframe set by the Reflection Group on the future of the EU headed up by Felipe González stretches out to 2020-2025. The Group will have to present its findings during the Spanish Presidency of the EU, in the first half of 2010. The first question the Group should ask itself, and relay to European public opinion at large, is a very simple one: do you want Europe to be a relevant actor on the world stage in 2020? Or are you happy for it to simply be a cultural diversity - welfare spending theme park for the rest of the world? jitorreblanca@ecfr.eu

Translated from Spanish by Douglas Wilson

Europa, parque temático

Published in El País on 1 December 2008

"Creemos que en el año 2025, Europa habrá hecho escasos progresos a la hora de lograr ser un actor cohesionado, integrado e influyente, capaz de emplear de forma autónoma un amplio rango de instrumentos políticos, económicos y militares en apoyo de sus intereses y valores". Ésta es la visión del futuro de Europa plasmada en el informe del Consejo Nacional de Inteligencia estadounidense, hecho público recientemente. A la CIA se le pudo pasar por alto el colapso de la Unión Soviética, no anduvo muy fina en tiempos de la invasión de Kuwait y tampoco es que hilara muy fino en la reciente guerra entre Rusia y Georgia. Eso sí, el declive europeo no les va a pillar desprevenidos. Una de dos: o la CIA ha tenido un fogonazo de clarividencia o los europeos disimulamos muy mal. Juzguen ustedes.

Pero no es sólo la CIA quien piensa así, sino también el resto del mundo. Recientemente, la Fundación Bertelsmann hizo una encuesta a 8.999 ciudadanos de nueve países: Alemania, Brasil, China, Estados Unidos, Francia, India, Japón, Reino Unido y Rusia. En una de las preguntas, los encuestados tenían que responder qué países creían que iban a ser potencias mundiales en el año 2020. La respuesta fue para sonrojarse: sólo el 9% de los indios, el 10% de los brasileños, el 13% de los rusos, el 20% de los japoneses, el 25% de los estadounidenses o el 29% de los chinos creían que Europa iba a ser un actor global en 2020. Raro acuerdo respecto a Europa, pero también, lógicamente, respecto a China en sentido inverso, ya que todo el mundo descontaba que China sí sería una potencia en 2020.

No es un secreto que China también ha percibido la debilidad que emana de la división europea y que, como vienen haciendo los rusos desde algún tiempo, está comenzando a cogerle el gusto a esto de observar a los europeos pelearse entre ellos por ver quién da más a cambio de menos. Esta semana pasada, China tomó la decisión de cancelar la cumbre UE-China, de importancia estratégica para Europa en un momento de aguda crisis económica. Pekín ha alegado que la reunión de Nicolas Sarkozy con el Dalai Lama es una ofensa mayúscula a su soberanía. Sin embargo, la decisión china no sólo es sorprendente, sino absurda.

En primer lugar, Sarkozy estaba invitado a una reunión en Varsovia con premios Nobel de la Paz, lo que obviamente incluye al Dalai Lama que, por cierto, es el líder mundial mejor valorado. En segundo lugar, ningún país europeo apoya otra cosa que un diálogo entre el Dalai Lama y las autoridades chinas que lleve a la concesión de un régimen de autonomía para Tíbet, todo ello en un marco de renuncia expresa a la violencia (en realidad, ni siquiera el Dalai Lama reclama ya la independencia de Tíbet). Peor aún, la decisión china se ha producido justo unos días después de que el Gobierno británico anunciara públicamente el cambio de su posición histórica sobre Tíbet, reconociendo la pertenencia de este territorio a China. Un cambio de 180 grados, a cambio de nada, gratis total. Una vez más, Pekín pone de manifiesto que le encanta enseñar los dientes a quien puede, no a quien quiere, porque Bush también recibe al Dalai Lama y, sin embargo, China no adopta represalia alguna contra Washington.

Según las estimaciones de la consultora Goldman Sachs, la economía china alcanzará a la alemana en 2010 y a la japonesa en 2015 (de hecho, ya ha alcanzado a la italiana, francesa y británica). La cosa cambia cuando consideramos a Europa en su conjunto, ya que entonces China no estaría en condiciones de igualar económicamente a la UE, ni a Estados Unidos, hasta el año 2035. No hay que ser muy perspicaz para ver que EE UU tiene todavía por delante más de 25 años para intentar influir sobre China mientras que Europa carece de margen en tanto no actúe unida.

2020-2025 es el horizonte analítico que se ha planteado el Grupo de Reflexión sobre el futuro de la UE que lidera Felipe González. El Grupo tendrá que presentar sus conclusiones durante la presidencia española de la UE, en el primer semestre del año 2010. Lo primero que debería plantearse el Grupo y a su vez trasladar a la opinión pública europea es una pregunta muy simple: ¿quiere usted que Europa sea relevante en el mundo de 2020? ¿O se conforma con ser un parque temático de la diversidad cultural y el gasto social para el resto del mundo? jitorreblanca@ecfr.eu


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